How do you measure Paleocurrents?
Paleocurrents are usually measured with an azimuth, or as a rake on a bedding plane, and displayed with a Rose Diagram to show the dominant direction(s) of flow.
How is Paleoflow direction determined?
The paleocurrent direction can be determined by analyzing the direction of permeability. The permeability direction can be determined by using imaging logging data. Permeability direction of fluvial sand bodies and channel sand bodies is consistent with paleocurrent direction.
What sedimentary structures can you determine the paleocurrent from?
Sedimentary structures that may contain useful paleocurrent information include: Ripple marks (q.v.) and crossbedding (see Cross-lamination). Dune and ripple crests are typically oriented transverse to flow, while the foresets of crossbed structures normally dip in a downstream direction.
What is paleocurrent data?
Paleocurrents are sedimentological features contained in all sedimentary deposits, enabling the direction of movement of the sediment and the containing fluid at the time of deposition to be determined.
What is provenance analysis?
Provenance analysis aims to determine the source region (provenance) of a sediment sample. It is aimed to reconstruct the parent rock or rocks of sand bodies, the time of deposition of the sand, and, if possible, the climate conditions during the formation of the sediments.
What is lower flow regime?
Flow structures In the lower flow regime, the natural progression is from a flat bed, to some sediment movement (saltation etc.), to ripples, to slightly larger dunes. Dunes have a vortex in the lee side of the dune. As the upper flow regime forms, the dunes become flattened out, and then produce antidunes.
What causes ripple marks to form in sand and mud puddles?
Ripple marks are sedimentary structures and indicate agitation by water (current or waves) or wind. Ripple marks are ridges of sediment that form in response to wind blowing along a layer of sediment.
What is the most common material found in sandstones?
Quartz
Quartz is often the most abundant type of sand grain present in sandstone. It is abundant in source materials and is the most durable during transport.
What are the three main types of depositional environments?
There are 3 kinds of depositional environments, they are continental, marginal marine, and marine environments. Each environments have certain characteristic which make each of them different than others.
What is ripple marks in geology?
Ripple marks are caused by water flowing over loose sediment which creates bed forms by moving sediment with the flow. Bed forms are linked to flow velocity and sediment size, whereas ripples are characteristic of shallow water deposition and can also be caused by wind blowing over the surface.
What is provenance in sedimentary?
Provenance refers to all aspects of the ultimate source of a sedimentary rock: the composition of the source area, its location (distance and direction), and the climate and relief (topography) of the source area.
What is a facies in geology?
1. n. [Geology] The overall characteristics of a rock unit that reflect its origin and differentiate the unit from others around it. Mineralogy and sedimentary source, fossil content, sedimentary structures and texture distinguish one facies from another. See: depositional environment, lithofacies.