What condition causes leukocoria?
Many conditions cause leukocoria including cataract, retinal detachment, retinopathy of prematurity, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis), retinal vascular abnormality (such as Coat’s Disease), and intraocular tumor (retinoblastoma).
What are the differential diagnosis of leukocoria?
These include persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), Coats’ disease, ocular toxocariasis, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal hamartomas (Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis, von Recklinhausen’s disease), congenital falciform fold or organized vitreous hemorrhage (Howard and Ellsworth 1965a; Shields, Shields et …
How do you test for leukocoria?
Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see Ophthalmoscopy). For screening purposes, the red reflex test is used. In this test, when a light is shone briefly through the pupil, an orange red reflection is normal. A white reflection is leukocoria.
What causes leukocoria retinoblastoma?
Direct interference of the normal red reflex from opacities and abnormalities occurring anywhere from the crystalline lens through to the posterior pole can create the leukocoric reflex. For example the white retinal mass seen in retinoblastoma creates leukocoria.
Is leukocoria an emergency?
The detection of leukocoria in a pediatric patient is therefore considered an ocular emergency that requires urgent evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Usually it is the parents who are the first to notice the strange appearance of their child’s eye.
Can leukocoria be normal?
The photographs were all found to be approximately 15° off axis, with the leukocoria seen in the eyes where the flash illuminated the nasal retina. This is known as photoleukocoria and it is normal.
How common is leukocoria?
Results: In our country congenital cataract is the most common cause of leukocoria which comprises about 77.3% (133/172) which is treatable. 2nd common cause was persistent fetal vasculature comprises 8.1% (14/172).
What makes a pupil white?
Light shining off the optic nerve: this is the most common cause of a white reflex or white pupil in a photo. Light entering the eye at a certain angle may be reflected from the optic nerve. This becomes magnified and the white eye effect may be seen. Cataract: this is the second most common cause of a white reflex.
What does it mean when your pupils turn white?
The normal appearance of the pupil of the human eye is black. The appearance of a white pupil is never a normal condition and requires immediate evaluation by specialists trained in ophthalmology. A cloudy cornea or cataract may be mistaken for a white pupil, but usually a white pupil is due to infection or disease.
Can adults have leukocoria?
White Eye in Adults This is most often caused by normal optic disc reflection, and is particularly common in smartphone photographs. Leukocoria in adults may indicate an eye condition such as cataract.
Is leukocoria curable?
Fortunately, with early diagnosis and treatment, more than 98% of children with retinoblastoma can be cured,10–12 many with useful vision. All children with leukocoria should immediately see an ophthalmologist for a dilated eye examination to rule out retinoblastoma.
Who is most likely to first notice leukocoria in an infant?
Leukocoria in infants is always a danger signal, members of immediate family circle are most likely to notice the first sign, the general practitioner, pediatrician or general ophthalmologist are first to be consulted [3].
What is leukocoria?
Leukocoria means ‘white pupil’ or ‘cat’s eye pupil’. Leukocoria is an abnormal pupillary reflex more clearly seen on mydriasis or photography.
How does an ophthalmologist diagnose leukocoria?
HOW DOES AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST DETECT LEUKOCORIA? Ophthalmologists utilize an ophthalmoscope to directly visualize the interior of the eye. Dilating eye drops are generally used to enlarge the pupil which enables a more thorough examination. WHAT CONDITIONS CAUSE LEUKOCORIA?
Is leukocoria a symptom of retinoblastoma?
Leukocoria is present in over half of all infants presenting with retinoblastoma. Other conditions may also be associated with leukocoria as a presenting symptom, including 10): trauma (e.g. vitreous hemorrhage). Leukocoria also known as “white pupil,” is one of the primary signs of retinoblastoma 11).
What causes the leukocoric reflex?
Direct interference of the normal red reflex from opacities and abnormalities occurring anywhere from the crystalline lens through to the posterior pole can create the leukocoric reflex. For example the white retinal mass seen in retinoblastoma creates leukocoria.